Primary Surface Ruptures of the great 1934 and 1255 Himalayan Earthquakes
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Primary surface ruptures of the great Himalayan earthquakes in 1934 and 1255
It is unclear where plate boundary thrusts generate giant rather than great earthquakes. Along the Himalayas, the source sizes and recurrence times of large seismic events are particularly uncertain, since no surface signatures were found for those that shook the range in the twentieth century. Here we challenge the consensus that these events remained blind and did not rupture the surface. We ...
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In 1255, 1344, and 1408 AD, then again in 1833, 1934, and 2015, large earthquakes, devastated Kathmandu. The 1255 and 1934 surface ruptures have been identified east of the city, along comparable segments of the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT). Whether the other two pairs of events were similar is unclear. Taking into account charcoal’s age inheritance, we revisit the timing of terrace offsets at key...
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The Himalayan orogen has produced three thrust earthquakes with moment magnitude (Mw) 7.8 to 8.5 during the past century, yet no surface ruptures associated with these great earthquakes have been documented. Here, we present paleoseismic evidence from east central Nepal that, since approximately 700 A.D., a single earthquake ruptured the Frontal Thrust fault at approximately 1100 A.D., with a s...
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A 500-800 km long segment of the Himalaya bordered by the rupture zones of the great Bihar, 1934, and Kangra, 1905, earthquakes has not experienced a great earthquake for at least 200 years, and perhaps for as long as 750 years. The rate of occurrence of earthquakes is evidently too low to accomodate Indo/Tibetan slip which must therefore be accomodated by creep or occasional great earthquakes....
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